Permian, Synapsids & the Mammal Line

Description

The Alchemist’s Ledger: Permian, Synapsids & the Mammal Line

Before dinosaurs ruled, the mammal line was already branching.

Permian, Synapsids & the Mammal Line follows Earth through the Permian Period: a world of Pangaea, shifting climate, sail-backed synapsids, therapsids, dicynodonts, gorgonopsians, cynodonts, and the most severe mass extinction known in the Phanerozoic record.

This volume separates fossil evidence, anatomical inference, extinction records, and evolutionary reconstruction. It does not tell a simple “march toward humans.” Instead, it follows a branching record where most lineages ended, some survived, and one cynodont branch eventually gave rise to mammals.

Inside this publication:

• Permian climate and Pangaea context
• Dimetrodon and early synapsids
• Therapsids, dicynodonts, gorgonopsians, and cynodonts
• The mammal-line transition
• End-Permian extinction context
• Survivor lineages and Triassic reshuffling
• Original timelines, silhouettes, diagrams, and evidence notes